A New Age and New Industries

 

Which American inventor built the first safe, practical steamboat, Clermont?

Eli Whitney
James Watt
Robert Fulton
Benjamin Franklin

Which description of an industrial revolution is correct?

a gradual change in the type of materials used to produce goods

a trade system that allows businesses to sell goods in more than one country

a new method of making goods that relies on machines rather than human labor

a new system of paying workers for products they make by hand

Which describes a major advantage of steamboats over other vessels?

They allowed for travel against a river's current.

They had a very good safety record.

They required less fuel than a sailing ship.

They could float in shallower water than a canal boat.

Which was not a reason for the growth of American cities along rivers in the mid-1800s?

Rivers served as a defensive barrier against disease.

Flowing water could be used to power factories and mills.

Rivers were economical transportation routes.

Natural harbors provided a place to safely dock ships.

Why were many mill workers women and children?

They accepted lower wages than men.

They had more skills and education than men.

They petitioned Congress to be allowed to work.

They enjoyed getting out of their cramped apartments.

Which was not a problem faced by workers in nineteenth century mills or mines?

dangerous machinery

eight-hour days

poor air quality

low pay

Which description of Francis Lowell is correct?

He designed a water-powered spinning frame based on an English model that gave rise to America's textile industry.

He patented a method of making muskets on an assembly line with interchangeable parts.

He hired young women to work in his Massachusetts textile mill, provided housing, and paid them a fair wage.

He made slavery profitable in the South by inventing a simple machine that removed seeds from cotton.

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Age of Democratic Revolutions

 

Most colonists had a positive attitude toward Britain in 1763.

Colonists had a positive attitude toward Britain in 1763 because first, they appreciated their freedom. After Magna Carta, the English king had limited power, so the people had basic rights, like liberty and trial by jury, and the government should protect those rights. 

Second, they could govern themselves because the English Empire was so far away from North America. They were pleased because they had the right to vote.

Three ways in which Russia differed from Western European countries in the 1600s

    In 1600s, Russia did not explore other lands and trade with others. They did not use technological advancement and political ideas. They used different calendar from Western European countries.

    Russian geography was separated with European country. Russia had few ports because their ports were icy. They could not trade and communicate with Western Europe.

    Russia still had serfdom. The serfs were peasants who were tied to work to the lord's land. In Europe, serfdom's practice decreased, but in Russia, serfdom's practice increased during the reign of tsars.

Three areas of Russian life that Peter the Great reformed or modernized

Peter arranged the government. He limited the power of boyars. He also made rank for the position in his government.
He also organized the Russian Orthodox Church. He limited the power of head of church.
Peter built roads and canals.

The one area that Peter the Great did not change significantly

The one area that he did not change was serfdom. When in war, Peter spread serfdom from the land that he took.

The similarities and differences of the North American and Latin American revolutions 

    

North American and Latin American revolutions were similar. The United States and Latin America share the same desire to get freedom from European kings. They had to raise soldiers to get freedom. They had excellent leaders, like George Washington and Simón Bolívar.

    But the revolutions had differences. North American colonies succeeded to unite and made a single nation. Latin America split into many nations. United States was capable to sustain a democracy for the citizens. In Latin America, citizens were beneath the reign of military strongmen. For three hundred years, Spanish had experienced hard control over their colonies. In North America, colonies could train self-rule for themselves.

Three of the main events of the French Revolution 

1. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen is written.
2. Napoleon takes power from the unpopular Directory in a coup d'état.
3. Napoleon names himself Emperor of the French.

From the three events above, there are some reasons that each event above moved France closer to a representative government or further away from it.

Event (a) made France closer to representative government because The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was created by National Assembly to make a constitutional monarchy. It affect France's governing body and made closer to the representative government.

Events (2) and (3) made the France further away from representative government. Napoleon claimed himself as emperor. It meant that people of France struggle with their revolution. The revolution occurred too fast and the people did not have enough background education about equality and liberty. It happened chaotic and wanted to go back to monarchy. It made further away from representative government.

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Mid Unit Test History Unit 6 Lesson 7 Grade 8- Sweet Surrender

 

The answers are in red highlighted.

What is a mercenary?

a commander in charge of an entire force
a person hired to obtain supplies for an army
a soldier hired to fight for another country
a general hired to train foreign troops

What group of people did Washington surprise and capture after crossing the Delaware?

Spaniards
Hessians
Frenchmen
British redcoats


The victory in which battle convinced the French to join the war on the side of the Americans?

Valley Forge
Saratoga
Trenton
Yorktown

What strategy did Washington use in the early part of the war?

He retreated whenever necessary to save his army.
He used his navy to blockade English ports in the West Indies.
He used Native American allies to attack the French.
He attacked the enemy regardless of losses to his army.

Why was the battle of Trenton an important battle for the Americans?

their victory raised morale among the colonists
the colonists captured Howe’s forces in New York.
the British victory convinced the French to join the war
their defeat convinced the French to help them

What effect did the Revolutionary War have on Native Americans?

British soldiers forced Native Americans onto reservations.
It had no effect on Native Americans.
Native Americans lost a lot of land.
Native Americans gained lands taken by the French.

Which of these statements is true about Valley Forge?

After Valley Forge the Continental Army was better trained, with a new spirit of unity.

The British had to retreat from Valley Forge before an advancing Continental Army.

During the winter the Americans defeated a large British army.

French military commanders used Valley Forge as a base for raids into the frontier.

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Mid-Unit Test History Grade 8 Unit 6 Lesson 3

 

This unit is about the American Revolution.

All answers are in red highlighted.

How was John Adams helpful in getting the delegates to sign the Declaration of Independence?

He promised them that the French would help if they signed the Declaration.
He included a section on the cruelty and immorality of slavery.
He used violence and threats against those opposed to independence.
He talked persistently and convincingly about independence



What effect did the signing of the Declaration of Independence have on the colonists?

It caused them to question their desire for independence.
It made them want to rebel against the delegates.
It filled them with pride and unified them.
It filled them with disappointment.

What was promised to slaves that encouraged them to fight for the British?

land
freedom
money
education

Which of the following is a reason why more than 5,000 blacks fought on the American side during the Revolutionary War?

They believed George III would give them their freedom.
Those who were slaves would be able to rebel against their owners.
They believed in the words of the Declaration of Independence.
They were promised land and money.

Which commander turned a group of American recruits into skilled soldiers?

Marquis de Lafayette
Haym Salomon
John Hancock
Baron Friedrich von Steuban

Which commander became a general on George Washington's staff?

Marquis de Lafayette
Baron Friedrich von Steuban
John Hancock
Haym Salomon

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America at World War II Research Paper

The reason why America entered World War II

Source: Wikipedia

Pearl Harbor as U.S. Naval Base in Hawaii

The United States took Hawaii as its territory on November 9, 1887. In 1898, the United States began to make Hawaii as Navy's facilities to keep up the operations during the Spanish-American War in the Philippines. At first, the Navy's facilities focused on Honolulu Harbor. 

Later in 1901, it moved to Pearl Harbor. The battleship USS Wisconsin was the first battleship that entered Pearl Harbor. 

Pearl Harbor became U.S. Naval Base in Hawaii. In 1908, the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard was built. The United States expanded by purchasing 335 acres Ford Island in 1917.

The United States began to expand the facilities at Pearl Harbor in the 1930s because Japan grew its military influence in Asia. At the dawning of the 1940s, the Pearl Harbor Naval Base consisted of a Coaling Station, a Net Depot, a fully capable Naval Repair Shipyard, a Submarine Base, a Supply Depot, a Marine Barracks, a Naval Hospital, a 335 acre Air Station, expansive Fuel Storage Tanks, a Weapons and Ammunition Depot, and over 140 berthing locations capable of mooring more than 250 ships. (Source: ww2db.com)

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Japan wanted to conquer many territories in Asia, so Japan was concerned with the

U.S. Navy in Hawaii. Japan took the decision to attack the U.S. Navy in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii secretly. They thought their attack will damage the United States fleet and cannot attack back. Japan attacked the United States fleet at Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941. The Japanese released 353 planes and dropped bombs and torpedoes on the United States fleet.

Japan expanded its territories in Asia. The United States, British, and Dutch, stopped their oil supplies to Japan. Japan imported 90% of its oil from other countries, so the oil embargo made the Japanese military activities stop. 

Japan wanted to declare war with the United States, but Japan must attack first. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto insisted that Japan should destroy the U.S. main fleet. That was the reason why Japan attacked the United States fleet at Pearl Harbor.

The destruction on the American side

There were three destroyed U.S. ships, which are USS Arizona, USS Utah, and USS Oklahoma. USS Arizona exploded and sunk.

The other U.S. ships were recovered. There were more than 2,300 American people died.

America declared war

On December 8, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt met before U.S. Congress. Quote from President Franklin Roosevelt: ”Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.”(Source: history.com).

President Franklin Roosevelt wanted to declare war to Japan and U.S. Congress approve it. As a result, the United States joined Allies and entered the war.

In the Pacific

In the Pacific, Japan also seized Guam, New Guinea, Solomon Island Philippines. The United States used a new strategy to beat Japan in the Pacific.

The strategy was Island hopping. American troops struck the islands across the Pacific one by one and hold them. As a result, the United States won the battles at Guadalcanal, Tarawa, and others.

Midway Island

Japan wanted to take over Midway Island to destroy American defenses. America could get Japan’s secret code and knew what Japan wanted to do. America struck Japan first. That was the ending of Japan in the Pacific.

End of the War

D-Day

Allied Power attacked German on the coast of Normandy on June 6, 1944. That day was called D-Day. Allied Power won this battle and it became the turning point of World War II. Until June 17, 1944, German was kicked out from France.

Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The United States created the Manhattan Project because President Franklin Roosevelt was told by Albert Einstein about the atom bomb. It was a development project of the atom bomb. On July 16, 1945, scientists began the first atom bomb experiment in New Mexico. They succeeded with their experiment, but they were afraid that the atom bomb could make enormous death.

In Europe, World War II was finished because German surrendered, but Japan did not surrender yet. President Truman thought if the United States attacked Japan, it would cost many casualties, so he decided to use the atomic bomb to attack Japan.

On August 6, 1945, the United States launched the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Japan still did not want to surrender. Therefore, the United States launched the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. Six days later, Japan surrendered.

Conclusion

World War II from America’s perspective is very interesting for us to get more information. America joined World War II later because Japan attacked Pearl Harbor badly. America experienced many casualties in that attack. America was angry and decided to join World War II in Allied Power. As a result, Japan surrendered and World War II was over.

Bibliography

• AskHON. (n.d.). Why Did Japan Attack Pearl Harbor? - History. Retrieved from www.historyonthenet.com: https://www.historyonthenet.com/why-did-japan-attack-pearl-harbor/
• Hickman, K. (n.d.). History of US Naval Station at Pearl Harbor. Retrieved from www.thoughtco.com: https://www.thoughtco.com/pearl-harbor-us-navys-home-pacific-2361226
• Perritano, J. (2009). World War II. Page 18-29: Scholastic Inc.
• Staff, History.com. (2009). Pearl Harbor. Retrieved from history.com: http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor
• Staff, U-S-History.com. (n.d.). Pearl Harbor Attack. Retrieved from www.u-s-history.com: http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1649.html
• Stubblebine, D. (n.d.). Pearl Harbor Navy Base and Ford Island Naval Air Station | World War II Database. Retrieved from ww2db.com: https://ww2db.com/facility/Pearl_Harbor_Navy_Base_and_Ford_Island_Naval_Air_Station/
• Wikipedia. (n.d.). Military history of the United States during World War II - Wikipedia. Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II#The_Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor
• World War II for Kids. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.ducksters.com: http://www.ducksters.com

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Learning about Road to Revolutionary War Unit 5 Test Lesson 15 History Grade 8

 

The answers are in Blue Highlighted.

Which accurately describes the major cause of the French and Indian War?

Indians in the Ohio Valley disagreed with the British over the price of land and furs.

The French and the Indians disagreed over land claims and land use.

France and Britain disagreed over land claims and the fur trade in North America.

The British and the Indians wanted to force the French out of North America.

Which was a problem for Britain after the French and Indian War?

collecting taxes from colonists who bought land in the west

regaining land the French won during the war

convincing colonists to go west to find farm land

keeping colonists from going farther west into Indian lands

Why was the Magna Carta an important document?

It gave Englishmen political rights. 

It gave Englishmen the right to vote for the king.

It promised the colonies their independence.

It gave the colonies the right to rule themselves.

Which law put a tax on every piece of printed paper in the colonies?

Magna Carta

Printing Tax

Stamp Act

Townsend Act

Who said, "Give me liberty or give me death"?

John Adams

Patrick Henry

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Paine

In which conflict were five colonists killed by British soldiers?

Paul Revere's Ride

Boston Massacre

Intolerable Acts

French and Indian War

Which describes the reasons for choosing George Washington to lead the Continental Army?

impressive education; experience as a general during the Indian Wars

effective campaign for the job; the only person in the colonies with military experience

author of several books on military tactics; reputation for winning battles

strong character; military experience with the British army during the French and Indian War

Who was Sam Adams?

a Virginia planter who helped write the Declaration of Independence

a Pennsylvania farmer who wanted peace with Britain

a Massachusetts patriot who started the Sons of Liberty

a New York lawyer who helped finance the American 

Revolution

Which was an argument for independence used in the pamphlet Common Sense?

Britain's laws had helped the colonies, but it was time to break away for economic reasons.

The colonies needed Britain economically but should be able to govern themselves.

The colonies would suffer hardship for a long time without Britain, but it would be worth the struggle.

Monarchy is a poor form of government and the colonies would be better off without it.

Which was one of John Adams's accomplishments?

defending British soldiers on trial after the Boston Massacre

writing the major part of the Declaration of Independence

leading troops at Bunker Hill

riding to warn leaders that the British were coming

Which event did the phrase "the shot heard round the world" describe?

Battle of Bunker Hill

Boston Massacre

Battle of Lexington

Boston Tea Party

Which kind of men were most of the people who went to the Second Continental Congress?

middle class, respected in their hometowns, self-educated

working class, famous, lacking formal education

wealthy, well-known, and well-educated

aristocratic, foreign-born, educated in Europe

Which idea from the Enlightenment was used in the Declaration of Independence?

Kings get their power from God.

Science can answer all human questions.

Revolution leaders should explain their ideas to the world.

People have governments to protect their rights. 

Which rights were guaranteed in the Declaration of Independence?

gun ownership and free speech

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

fair trials and a free press

voting and saying whatever you want

Which trait of Thomas Jefferson led the Continental Congress to choose him to write the Declaration of Independence?

well-known political writing skills

willingness to work without pay

public speaking skills

a college degree in philosophy

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Learn about Road to Revolution Mid-Unit Test Assessment History Grade 8

This week is a mid-unit assessment for History Grade 8.

Here I share the questions. The answers are on the bottom.

 

Item 1
Which event defines "the shot heard round the world?

It was a shot fired in Yorktown.
It was a shot fired in England.
It was the last shot fired in the Revolutionary War.
It was the first shot fired in the Revolutionary War.

Item 2
What happened to the Americans at Concord, Massachusetts?

They surprised the British and won the war.
They forced the British redcoats to retreat.
They were forced by the British to retreat.
They were surprised and then wiped out by the British.

Item 3
Why did Paul Revere and William Dawes ride toward Lexington and Concord on the night of April 18, 1775?

They were warning the town that the British were coming to attack.
They were warning the British that the Americans were coming to attack.
They were warning the town that the British were coming to take their gunpowder.
They were warning the British that the Americans were coming to take their gunpowder.

Item 4
Which person possessed the experience and character to be commander in chief of the Continental Army, in John Adams's opinion?

Benjamin Franklin
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson

Item 5
What happened at the battle at Breed's Hill and Bunker Hill?

The colonists lost but they caused the British to have significant casualties.
The colonists lost with few casualties.
The colonists won and they caused the British to have significant casualties.
The colonists lost and suffered significant casualties.

Item 6
Who wrote Common Sense?
Thomas Paine
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
John Locke

Item 7
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Paine
John Adams
John Locke
Thomas Jefferson

Item 8
Who inspired some of the thoughts in the Declaration of Independence with his ideas from the Enlightenment era?

Thomas Paine
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
John Locke

1. d

2. b

3. c

4. b

5. a

6. a

7. d

8. d

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